Posts tagged policy.

Short, interesting paper on how locals in Belize, Nepal, and Tanzania deal with uncertanties in climate adaptation decision making ›

This short paper on climate adaptation shows how decision makers struggle with dealing with change. One problem with new environmental risks is how to decide which system to address first - food? ecosystems? infrastructure?

  04/30/13 at 09:48am

$100,000 Antarctica Science Prize for students, researchers, or anyone sciencey and awesome

This is one of the largest climate research grants (for an individual) I’ve ever seen. If you’re into climate and Antarctica, this is for you!

—-Last date for nominations 23 May 2013——

The 2013 Martha T. Muse Prize for Science and Policy in Antarctica

The “Martha T. Muse Prize for Science and Policy in Antarctica” is a US$ 100,000 unrestricted award presented to an individual in the fields of Antarctic science or policy who has demonstrated potential for sustained and significant contributions that will enhance the understanding and/or preservation of Antarctica.  The Prize is inspired by Martha T. Muse’s passion for Antarctica and is intended to be a legacy of the International Polar Year 2007-2008.

The prize-winner can be from any country and work in any field of Antarctic science or policy - for example, Antarctic Climate change, Biosciences & Conservation, Oceanography, Geology, Physical sciences, Antarctic policy, etc.  The goal is to provide recognition of the important work being done by the individual and to call attention to the significance of understanding Antarctica in a time of change.

There are a number of criteria on which nominees are assessed, covering their background and accomplishments, their leadership and potential for further development, their communication and outreach skills and achievements, and their contribution to international collaboration.  See the Category Descriptions document (http://www.museprize.org/userfiles/MM_Prize_Category_descript.pdf) for information on each of the categories used in the evaluation process.

The Prize is awarded by the Tinker Foundation and administered by the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR).

Nominations open until 23 May 2013

Contact:
Dr Renuka Badhe
E-mail: rb302@cam.ac.uk

  04/29/13 at 09:34pm

How much water does it take to frack a gas well? About 4 Million gallons per well, equivalent amount of water 11,000 families use each day.

  03/14/13 at 04:02pm via NPR

North Dakota oil fracking wells expected to jump from 8,000 to 50,000 wells.

skeptv:

What Is Fracking?

The fracking frenzy in North Dakota has boosted the U.S. fuel supply — but at what cost? Watch this video animation to see how the process of hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, is used to extract oil and natural gas from shale formations deep underground.

by National Geographic.

(via scinerds)

  03/10/13 at 11:16am via youtube.com

theresamarg asked: Hey! I'm a high school senior writing a paper for government and chose to write about the Environment. I'm pretty passionate about it, wanting to become an environmental engineer. I have already cited you a few times, but was wondering if you had any helpful thoughts on the U.S. vs the U.N. as far as future protection laws concern... Or anything you think is worth adding to my paper! Thank you so much! I really look up to you and love your blog! Have a nice day! :)

Hi Theresa,

Thanks for your nice note! :D

Sounds like a very good paper. And quite challenging. I don’t know your background, so it’s hard for me to know what advice to give you.

The major difference between U.S. and UN environmental protection is that the UN does not make formal “laws.” This is an important thing to grasp as you shape your paper.

Google:

  • US vs UN environmental law
  • How does the UN enforce treaties

I presume (again, I don’t know) that you’ll write a bit comparing the two, side-by-side. The U.S. is one country, with citizens and land. The UN is not a country, has no residents, no borders, and contains no lands. The U.S. federal and state governments are allowed to make law. The UN is not allowed to make any laws.

There are some minor exceptions.

First, core to the UN’s mission is to encourage its 193 members to create and enforce their own laws based primarily on human rights. These laws are enforced at the country level, and in no way can the UN intervene on enforcement of these laws (with the exception of war and conflict, where members vote on intervention or humanitarian aid).

The second exception is the International Court of Justice(ICJ), which is a very weak system that basically adjudicates the criminal acts of the highest leaders of individual countries. You can read about the process, here. Note that it encourages disputing parties to take it to their home lands.

The ICJ usually deals with human rights, genocide, and war crimes. It seldom enforces international treaty violations, and rarely enforces environmental treaties (mostly because violators are easily identified and their home countries and the polluted territories have jurisdiction).

So, basically, the ICJ tries hard to push any dispute back to the country level.

When that fails, then several special panels hold a series of votes to help decide jurisdiction, applicable procedural rules, and possible alternatives (usually there are alternatives).

The third exception is when the UN has to sue itself! That is a big hot mess, and I’d avoid writing about it like the plague. (If you must, go here.)

I’m being very generic, and I’m sure I’ll get a blistering message from some of my keen-eyed readers, but you get the point I hope!

This is all to say that the UN has no formally recognized environmental law jurisdiction (in fact, the UN attempted to create an environmental court, called the Environmental Chamber. But no country brought a single case during the Chamber’s 13 years of existence. It was dissolved in 2006. For the history of the Environmental Chamber, see: here).

Again, I’m being very general here. You’re more than welcome to contact me via email if you have more specific questions.

Cheers!

Michael

  03/01/13 at 09:58pm

Gas Association busted for falsifying signatures on a petition. Surprised? ›

Gas drillers were caught lying to public officials. About 66% of the signatures were falsified. Company blames a PR firm, which, it seems, specializes in fudging petitions.

The drillers used the petition to lobby a local government in Colorado to pass fracking laws. Shit is fracked up and bullshit.

Pro-fracking petition with fake signatures embarrasses gas association

A full two-thirds of those denied signing or endorsing a petition opposing a ban on fracking in Fort Collins. Not only was the petition a big fat lie, it was a laughably amateur effort to deceive the city’s lawmakers. From the Coloradoan:

Cali Rastrelli’s name is signed at the bottom of a petition submitted to the council. At the top, the petition says in bold letters, “Vote NO on the Fort Collins fracking ban.”

“Big Bill Pizza” is written in the blank where the signer could enter their business or organization.

“I haven’t signed any petition in the last month,” said Rastrelli, a Colorado State University student who lives in student housing. “I didn’t put my name on this.”

By the end of last week, the association was acknowledging that “mistakes were made.” A subsequent internal audit “identified numerous areas for improvement.” Now association officials are trying to retract the petition. And they are failing.
More at Grist
  02/26/13 at 02:44pm

Congress re-boots on climate, Pt. 1: Senate climate science briefing ›

More movement in Congress on Climate Change. Sunday I posted about the new 22 member “Safe Climate Caucus,” who have vowed to discuss climate impacts and solutions every time congress is in session.

Signs of activity as the ‘climate silence’ from the President and Congress come to an end: On February 13 Senate Environment Committee chair Barbara Boxer (D-CA) held a “Briefing on the Latest Climate Science” featuring scientists Jim McCarthy, Don Wuebbles, J. Marshall Shepherd, and John Balbus. Seven Democratic members of the committee in attendance; all Republican members appeared to be AWOL.

An archived webcast of the briefing is posted on the Environment and Public Works Committee’s website (the briefing starts at 12:30 of the webcast), along with written testimony by:

• Dr. James J. McCarthy, Professor of Biological Oceanography, Harvard University; leader of the IPCC Third Assessment Report (2001) on global climate change impacts and vulnerabilities.

• Dr. Donald J. Wuebbles, Professor of Atmospheric Science, University of Illinois.

• Dr. J. Marshall Shepherd, President of the American Meteorological Society and Director for Program in Atmospheric Sciences, University of Georgia.

• Dr. John M. Balbus, Senior Advisor for Public Health, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences.

Each of the presenters gave a concise state-of-the-science overview for Senators and staff, followed by a substantial question-and-answer period.

Via Climate Science Watch

  02/19/13 at 01:14pm

SOTU: what to expect on climate change ›

Good read, but nothing on adaptation:

President Obama is expected to launch a serious second-term push on climate change with his State of the Union address.

With climate legislation dead in Congress, green groups are hopeful that Obama will follow the “we must act” mantra of his inaugural address and put the full weight of his executive powers behind their agenda.

 “The problem is very pressing, and so the sooner we have policy proposals in front of us, the better.”

Obama has already signaled his willingness to use his executive powers forcefully, laying out a series of executive orders on gun control in addition to calling for legislation.

 On climate, the White House took some steps with executive powers in the first term, and that’s expected to be the primary second-term focus.

“If he were to just repeat what he said in the [second] inaugural address, that would be considered a missed opportunity, but I don’t believe he will. I believe he will be more specific about what he is going to do,” said one climate advocate.

Liberals in Congress have urged the president to go big on climate as well.

“From a planetary point of view there is no issue more important than climate change, and the president has to be as bold and specific as he possibly can,” Sen. Bernie Sanders (I-Vt.) told reporters on the eve of Obama’s address.

At the very top of advocates’ wish list is a commitment to setting carbon emissions standards for existing coal-fired power plants. A move in that direction would begin an all-out war with coal-based power companies and some other industry sectors that say there would be huge economic costs from increased regulation. 

Obama, without Congress, can also expand on his first-term actions to boost Defense Department green energy programs and development alternative energy on public lands, among other steps.

No matter what steps Obama takes, environmentalists say the president needs to use the bully pulpit to rally public support. 

Also,

  02/12/13 at 08:19pm

Yeah National Journal!

nationaljournal:

The Scary Truth About How Much Climate Change Is Costing You
By Coral Davenport

While policymakers fiddle, the threat of economic harm posed by rising sea levels, devastating storms, and drought is growing every day.

Read this week’s cover story.

Girls Lead in Science Exam, but Not in the United States ›

Well worth clicking through to see the chart. Long-time readers know that I strongly believe more girls need to enter both urban planning and the climate sciences. This embarrassing article re-confirms what we already know, but times are changing.

There were more young women than men in my programs at Vermont Law and UMass-Amherst, so hopefully these stats will start to break down in the coming years.

Researchers have been searching for ways to explain why there are so many more men than women in the top ranks of science.

Now comes an intriguing clue, in the form of a test given in 65 developed countries by the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. It finds that among a representative sample of 15-year-olds around the world, girls generally outperform boys in science — but not in the United States.

What explains the gap? Andreas Schleicher, who oversees the tests for the O.E.C.D., says different countries offer different incentives for learning science and math. In the United States, he said, boys are more likely than girls to “see science as something that affects their life.”

Then there is the “stereotype threat.”

Via NYTimes.

H/T thegreatlakelife

A Sweet fact sheet on what communities are experiencing and how U.S. local governments are responding to extreme weather fueled by climate change ›

Great resource and only 8 pages. The brief sums up the climate adaptation responses in 20 cities around the U.S. Several cities have been forced to respond to climate related damages, mostly from coastal storms and drought. What’s new is that the responses include policy adjustments that include climate science and analysis. Here’s an example (more information is available at respective city’s websites:

Broward County, FL

Impacts:

  • Hurricane Sandy and a high-tide event caused major flooding and damage in Fort Lauderdale. A four-lane coastal highway, A1A, was flooded, covered with sand, and shut down. Beach erosion impacts from Hurricanes Isaac and Sandy were worsened by NE winds over Thanksgiving 2012, causing portions of the A1A roadway to collapse into the ocean as the beach eroded from under the coastal route.

Actions:

  • In Fort Lauderdale, a public meeting in December brought together government officials (local, state, federal) along with business owners and residents to discuss short-term and long term strategies for addressing repair of AIA and beach erosion.
  • The County is incorporating sea-level rise and climate projections into its existing Comprehensive Plan and Land Use Plan.
  • Broward County is part of the four-county South Florida Regional Climate Compact, which recently finalized a climate action plan with a range of strategies to protect the region from climate impacts, such as relocating water infrastructure further inland.

Not bad, right? The brief covers the following governments:

  • Atlanta, GA
  • Broward County, FL
  • Cambridge, MA
  • Chicago, IL
  • Denver, CO
  • Dubuque, IA
  • El Paso, TX
  • Eugene, OR
  • Grand Rapids, MI
  • Houston, TX
  • King County, WA
  • Lewes, DE
  • Miami Dade County, FL
  • Milwaukee, WI
  • Minneapolis, MN
  • New York, NY
  • Norfolk, VA
  • Salt Lake City, UT
  • Tucson, AZ
  • Washington, DC

The document is short and sweet, and well worth keeping

Via ICLEI

  02/05/13 at 10:00am

Father of Newtown victim heckled at hearing ›

Vile.

But why did I post this?

There’s an interesting section in this article, one that environmentalists can readily relate to, and that’s the “jobs defense.”

The Jobs Defense is a common response by businesses that fear new regulation. For those that know a bit of environmental and economic history, this defense been used effectively for centuries to tamp down protest, influence politicians, and garner public support.

The Jobs Defense was used to defend from regulating slavery, child labor, the right to vote, organize unions, pass environmental regulations, and myriad other policies that benefit you today.

In this case, a public meeting was called to democratically discuss how to prevent slaughtering children (dramatic, but that’s the language we’re using up here in New England regarding the Newtown, Ct mass shooting). True, the headline is about some brainless bullies who heckled a dad who lost his 6 year old boy.

But to me, the interesting aspect of this is that the journalist sort of dances around the examining the Jobs Defense.

A gun manufacturer is quoted in the article that his company, “(Pumps) tens of millions of dollars each year into the Connecticut economy.” The journalist does mention that gun manufacturers offered no solutions at the meeting. But the Jobs Defense went unchallenged.

There was no discussion or questioning that his product causes deaths.* There’s no discussion of why “tens of millions of dollars” is a reasonable response to the death of Americans. Isn’t that curious? That we all accept that the Jobs Defense is a so legitimate that it gets a free pass?

Barack Obama uses the Jobs Defense, too. In fact, it’s a primary driver of getting the Keystone XL Pipeline approved - jobs. Indeed, there are thousands of articles discussing jobs in relation to building the oil pipeline, have a look.

None of them, that I found, examined the benefits of environmental protection over the few jobs that the line will create. It’s true that some have examined the claim that the line will create a certain number of jobs. No one can say clearly if the line will create 500 jobs or 20,000.

But this still doesn’t examine the facile and rather weak argument that jobs should be a primary motivation versus incredibly beneficial, American alternatives. From my point of view, the Jobs Defense must be examined. Should jobs be held in reverence over human health? If so, why?

*For those who wish to throw the “What about knives!” trope at me, I’d point out that knives are highly regulated, perhaps more so than guns.
You can’t pass into many buildings with a knife, bring one on a plane, travel with one in a vehicle in certain states, nor legally carry a concealed knife in many communities. The size of certain knives are regulated. And types of knives are regulated, such as butterfly and other spring loaded knives.
You cannot cross a border with a knife, per international and domestic law. And police officers confiscate knives as a matter of routine (some law enforcement agencies confiscate so many knives that they auction them to generate money). And, of course, if you wield a knife, citizens and cops are authorized and protected by countless laws to shoot you.
Note, further, that environmental regulations protect you from these rather benign utensils. Manufacturers are prevented from using certain chemicals and metals that poison your body, like lead and mercury.
In any case, this trope is a whiny and weak diversion, a fallacious straw man that keeps the gun advocate from taking personal responsibility for contributing to actual harms and deaths to their fellow Americans.
That’s what regulation looks like. Thousands of knife laws were passed to protect people from harm. And gun laws aim to do the same. There’s no legitimate reason to limit gun laws, especially not the Jobs Defense.
  01/28/13 at 06:08pm

Adaptation Win! Maryland Gov. Signs Order to Help State Prep for Climate Change/Extreme Weather ›

Climate adaptation is law in the state of Maryland. Infrastructure projects must include climate analysis.
On December 28th, Maryland Governor Martin O’Malley signed the Climate Change and Coast Smart Construction Executive Order (EO), a landmark initiative to increase the State’s long term resiliency to storm related flooding and sea level rise. The Executive Order directs all State agencies to consider the risk of coastal flooding and sea level rise when designing capital budget projects.
It also charges the Department of General Services with updating its architecture and engineering guidelines to require that new and rebuilt State structures be elevated two or more feet above the 100-year base flood level.
The Executive Order also allows the Maryland Department of Natural Resources to:
  • work with the Maryland Commission on Climate Change, local governments and other parties as appropriate;
  • develop additional Coast Smart guidelines within nine months for the siting and construction of new and rebuilt State structures;
  • and improve vulnerable infrastructure such as roads, bridges, sewer and water systems, and other essential public utilities. 
Recommendations for applying the new construction guidelines to non-state infrastructure projects that are partially or fully funded in the State’s capital budget will also be developed.
Additionally, the Executive Order tasks the Scientific and Technical Working Group of the Maryland Commission on Climate Change with providing updated sea level rise projections for Maryland.
For more information on Maryland’s climate change adaptation efforts, visit: http://www.dnr.maryland.gov/climatechange/.

  01/14/13 at 10:00am

CIA Closes Climate Center. Cites Budget Cuts, yet they're Buying More Drones. ›

Something is not right about this story. The CIA originally stated the Climate Center would focus on global threats. They would use climate science to help predict where future conflicts would erupt, usually over scarce natural resources such as food and water supply. They already monitor trends and population behaviors, and the center added environmental issues to their list of threats.

The center was designed as a small unit of senior specialists focused on the impact that environmental changes could have on political, economic and social factors in countries of concern to the United States. The analysts probed questions such as, under what scenarios might a massive drought cause large-scale migration, and when might a government’s failure to respond to a devastating flood open the door for terrorist groups to win over the local populace?

But, it seems sustained, Republican political pressure won the day.

Congressional Republicans skeptical of the science behind climate change sought to block the center’s funding shortly after it was launched. Those efforts failed, but sources say the center received little internal support after Panetta left the CIA in 2011 to take the top job at the Defense Department. Under his successor, David Petraeus, the agency was highly focused on terrorism, specifically targeted killings using armed drones.

I presume the CIA is still monitoring climate and disaster issues. But, they’re probably not doing it in one group. It’s more likely that they’ve dispersed the monitoring across various parts of the organization.

More of my military/climate posts

Sources: E&ED, TheAmericanBear

  11/20/12 at 01:31pm

Anonymous asked: Hello! Do you think that environmental protection can successfully be driven by free-market forces? Can we find a successful solution (or a means of mitigation and/or adaptation) to climate change in a free-market?

Hey anon,

Thanks for the note. There’s more than one way to manage the environment, and the majority are not free market approaches.

There are many different “environments” that require a mix of solutions. State and federal parks and conservation areas, for example. Research forests, coastal develop restrictions, historic preservation, agricultural techniques, even local zoning by-laws all serve to protect the environment in various ways. And then there’s are huge federal laws like the Endangered Species Act and enforcement agencies like the Environmental Protection Agency.

So, I take issue with the premise of your question. I suppose you’re getting at trading carbon credits, which I’ll have to defer on commenting on.

For now, check out Valuing Ecosystems Services.

Cheers!

Michael

  10/03/12 at 08:03am