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Converting urban land into a park, historical landmark, or tourist attraction can reduce climate impacts on residents, commerce, and industry.

According to the American Planning Association, cities can use parks to reduce public costs for stormwater management, flood control, transportation, and other forms of built infrastructure.

For instance, Pittsburgh’s Point State Park was built to beautify downtown Pittsburgh, but offers the added co-benefits of providing a buffer between the river and buildings, cleaning pollution from the air, and serving as a carbon sink. Seoul, Korea has mandated that all new growth must be green (BBC video).

In other cases, more extreme relocation might be necessary. In September, the communities of Newtok, Alaska and the Cateret Islands, Papua New Guinea, are among the first in the world to choose relocation as the best means of adaptation to the effects of a changing climate.